You can see why insurers and employers would want to encourage people to take advantage of preventive care — in theory, it will cut the chances of later developing potentially costly diseases and conditions. (In practice, prevention may improve individual health, but there’s evidence that at least some of it doesn’t save the system money.)
As we’ve written, many companies pick up all or part of the costs of tests and procedures considered to fall under the preventive-care umbrella, including some cancer screening tests, annual physicals and flu shots.
Researchers funded by the government, Rand Corp.’s Bing Center for Health Economics and Merck wanted to see if that kind of incentive works. So they looked at whether screening rates changed at all when an employer eliminated the deductible for preventive tests and routine physical exams. (People still had to pay between 20% and 30% of the cost, in the form of co-insurance.) They analyzed data covering three different groups: people in high- and low-deductible plans, before and after the preventive care deductible was eliminated; and a control group from another employer where the deductible for preventive care didn’t change. Their findings were published in Health Services Research.
Scrapping the deductible “modestly” improved screening rates for blood-cholesterol tests, Pap smears, mammograms and fecal-occult blood tests, the researchers conclude. After adjusting for demographics and the overall trend of the test’s use, “there were between 23 and 78 additional uses per 1,000 eligible patients of covered preventive screens.”
But they recommend that “patients’ predisposing characteristics merit attention.” They’re referring to the finding that the expanded prevention coverage had a smaller effect on screening rates among people with high-deductible plans — perhaps because those folks are less risk-averse than the people who opt for low-deductible plans, or prefer to interact less with the health-care system. Or they could just be different in some other way that wasn’t controlled for by the study — such as income. (We wonder if they’re more skeptical about the value of some screening tests whose risk-benefit ratio isn’t so clear, such as mammograms for women in their 40s.)
The point is, though, that not everyone will respond in the same way to an incentive that would seem to work in a pretty straightforward way, i.e. lowering the out-of-pocket costs of a certain test or office visit. If the goal is to increase screening rates among the people who opt for high-deductible plans, other approaches — like patient or physician reminders or education — should also be studied, the researchers conclude.
Further reading:
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